The coordinate locations that are contained in the nc program are also output in relation to a zero location that has been established in the CAM system for the part program. With the machine zero location established we can now begin to think about the coordinates inside the nc program. The RED arrow indicates the X axis positive direction (Left/Right with Right being a positive direction move), and the GREEN arrow indicates the Y axis positive direction (Forward and Back with a move going to the back as a positive move).
The following image illustrates the total travel envelope the machine is able to operate in, as viewed from the top, with the X & Y zero being set at the machines home position (Bottom Left Corner): Direction will be dependent on how the manufacturers setup the machine.įor the remainder of this document we will assume the machine will send the X and Y axes to the negative limit of the machines travel. Direction will be dependent on how the manufacturers setup the machine.
Z Axis – Up to max limit (This is the spindle axis.This is a position on the machine where each axis will move to so that it can establish a known location (zero) for all components.įor a common Vertical Machining Center (milling machine) this would have the machine move: When a CNC machine is powered up, they will commonly need to be sent to a home position. This document covers how the machine locates where to cut. The nc program will contain coordinates as to what, where and how the machine is to move so the desired part is created using the tool and the material mounted in the machine. The instructions that tell the cnc controller what and how to move are defined in a text file called an NC or Gcode program. This allows the machine to move either the tool or the workpiece into a position in 3 dimensional space. The machines physical axes typically align with the X, Y and Z axis of the Cartesian Coordinate System. The positions these components are moved in are defined using the Cartesian Coordinate System. A cnc machine is controlled by a computer that is connected to motors and motor drives that move the physical components of the machine.
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